Pengalaman perawat dalam memberikan edukasi manajemen perawatan diri pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik: studi fenomenologi
Nurses’ experiences in providing self care management education to patients with chronic kidney disease: a phenomenological study
Keywords:
Fenomenologi , manajemen perawatan diri , penyakit ginjal kronikAbstract
Pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) yang menjalani hemodialisis dituntut untuk mampu melakukan manajemen perawatan diri, meliputi pengaturan diet, pembatasan cairan, kepatuhan pengobatan, perawatan akses vaskular, serta kepatuhan menjalani hemodialisis. Edukasi merupakan komponen penting yang menentukan keberhasilan manajemen perawatan diri pada pasien hemodialisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman perawat dalam memberikan edukasi mengenai manajemen perawatan diri pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan terdiri atas sembilan perawat bersertifikat pelatihan perawat dialisis yang bertugas di ruang hemodialisis RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur dan dianalisis secara tematik melalui proses pengodean, kategorisasi, serta pengembangan tema secara induktif. Keabsahan data dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber, member checking, dan refleksivitas peneliti. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga tema utama, yaitu: (1) strategi pendidikan kesehatan yang efektif, meliputi penyesuaian bahasa dan tingkat pendidikan pasien, penggunaan media edukasi, serta pendekatan interpersonal yang suportif; (2) hambatan dalam memberikan pendidikan kesehatan, meliputi resistensi pasien akibat informasi yang bertentangan, keterbatasan fisik seperti gangguan pendengaran, serta dukungan keluarga yang tidak konsisten; dan (3) upaya mengatasi hambatan melalui pemberian motivasi berkelanjutan, penguatan keyakinan diri pasien, serta kolaborasi aktif dengan anggota keluarga dalam perencanaan perawatan. Pendidikan kesehatan pada pasien hemodialisis memerlukan pendekatan yang adaptif dan peka terhadap konteks sosial budaya. Keberhasilan manajemen perawatan diri sangat dipengaruhi oleh literasi kesehatan pasien, dukungan keluarga, dan hubungan terapeutik antara perawat dan pasien.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis are required to perform effective self-care management, including dietary regulation, fluid restriction, medication adherence, vascular access care, and compliance with hemodialysis schedules. Education is a key component in determining the success of self-care management among hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to explore nurses’ experiences in providing self-care education to patients with chronic kidney disease. This study employed a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Participants consisted of nine dialysis-trained nurses working in the hemodialysis unit of Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews and were analyzed thematically through coding, categorization, and inductive theme development. Data trustworthiness was ensured through source triangulation, member checking, and researcher reflexivity. The findings identified three main themes: (1) effective health education strategies, including adjustment of language and educational level to patient needs, use of educational media, and supportive interpersonal approaches; (2) barriers to health education, including patient resistance due to conflicting information, physical limitations such as hearing impairment, and inconsistent family support; and (3) strategies to overcome barriers through continuous motivation, strengthening patients’ self-efficacy, and active collaboration with family members in care planning. Health education for hemodialysis patients requires an adaptive approach that is sensitive to socio-cultural contexts. The success of self-care management is strongly influenced by patient health literacy, family support, and the therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients.
Downloads
References
Astuti, Puji, Tuti Herawati, I. Made Kariasa, and Stikes Bani Saleh. 2016. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan self management pada pasien hemodialisis di kota bekasi.
Dionigi, Alberto, Mirko Duradoni, and Laura Vagnoli. 2023. “Understanding the Association Between Humor and Emotional Distress: The Role of Light and Dark Humor in Predicting Depression, Anxiety, and Stress.” Europe’s Journal of Psychology 19(4):358–70. doi:10.5964/ejop.10013.
Gao, Ruitong, Hui Guo, Fei Li, Yandi Liu, Meidi Shen, Linqi Xu, Tianzhuo Yu, and Feng Li. 2022. “The Effects of Health Behaviours and Beliefs Based on Message Framing among Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review.” BMJ Open 12(1).
Gonzalo, Angelo. 2024. Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit Theory. https://nurseslabs.com/dorothea-orems-self-care-theory/.
Kormos, Ana, Gregory C. Lanzaro, Ethan Bier, George Dimopoulos, John M. Marshall, João Pinto, Adionilde Aguiar dos Santos, Affane Bacar, Herodes Sousa Pontes Sacramento Rompão, and Anthony A. James. 2021. “Perspective Piece: Application of the Relationship-Based Model to Engagement for Field Trials of Genetically Engineered Malaria Vectors.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104(3):805–11.
Kwame, Abukari, and Pammla M. Petrucka. 2021. “A Literature-Based Study of Patient-Centered Care and Communication in Nurse-Patient Interactions: Barriers, Facilitators, and the Way Forward.” BMC Nursing 20(1).
Lianti, Dini, and Fahrun Nur Rosyid. 2024. “Family Support and Self-Care Management of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis.” Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science 7(8):1025–32. doi:10.33024/minh.v7i8.291.
Mailani, Fitri. 2017. “Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis: Systematic Review.” NERS Jurnal Keperawatan 11(1):1. doi:10.25077/njk.11.1.1-8.2015.
Mbanda, Njabulo, Shakila Dada, Kirsty Bastable, Gimbler Berglund Ingalill, and Schlosser Ralf W. 2021. “A Scoping Review of the Use of Visual Aids in Health Education Materials for Persons with Low-Literacy Levels.” Patient Education and Counseling 104(5):998–1017. doi:10.1016/J.PEC.2020.11.034.
National Kidney Foundation. 2023. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd.
Nutbeam, D. 2000. “Health Literacy as a Public Health Goal: A Challenge for Contemporary Health Education and Communication Strategies into the 21st Century.” Health Promotion International 15(3):259–67. doi:10.1093/heapro/15.3.259.
Nutbeam, Don. 2015. “Defining , Measuring and Improving Health Literacy.” Health Evaluation and Promotion 42(4):450–55.
Pondaag, Ferlan Ansye, Dina Mariana, and Musfirah Ahmad. 2024a. Literasi Kesehatan Berhubungan Dengan Self Care Management Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis. JURNAL KEPERAWATAN TROPIS PAPUA 7(1):8–12. doi:10.47539/jktp.v7i1.376.
Pondaag, Ferlan Ansye, Dina Mariana, and Musfirah Ahmad. 2024b. “literasi kesehatan berhubungan dengan self care management pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis.” Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua 7(1):8–12. doi:10.47539/jktp.v7i1.376.
Prastiwi, Dani, Nonik Eka Martyastuti, Isrofah Isrofah, and Barzen Alisyahbana. 2022. “Self-Care Management Education Increase Quality of Life of Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodilysis.” Media Keperawatan Indonesia 5(1):28. doi:10.26714/mki.5.1.2022.28-32.
Santana, Mariela Beatriz Andrade, Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da Silva, Maria Elena Echevarría-Guanilo, Soraia Geraldo Rozza Lopes, Priscila Juceli Romanoski, and Julia Estela Willrich Böell. 2020. “Self-Care in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis.” Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem 41. doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190220.
Schrauben, Sarah J., Kerri L. Cavanaugh, Angela Fagerlin, T. Alp Ikizler, Ana C. Ricardo, Nwamaka D. Eneanya, and Julie Wright Nunes. 2020. “The Relationship of Disease-Specific Knowledge and Health Literacy With the Uptake of Self-Care Behaviors in CKD.” Kidney International Reports 5(1):48–57. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2019.10.004.
Sentell, Tetine, Wei Zhang, James Davis, Kathleen Kromer Baker, and Kathryn L. Braun. 2014. “The Influence of Community and Individual Health Literacy on Self-Reported Health Status.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 29(2):298–304. doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2638-3.
Shimazaki, Takashi, Hiroto Okoshi, Takashi Yamauchi, Koji Takenaka, and Machi Suka. 2022. “The Process of Behavioral Change in Individuals Who Are Uninterested in Health: A Qualitative Study Based on Professional Health Knowledge.” Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 27(1). doi:10.1265/ehpm.22-00072.
Taylor, Dominic M., Simon Fraser, Chris Dudley, Gabriel C. Oniscu, Charles Tomson, Rommel Ravanan, and Paul Roderick. 2018. “Health Literacy and Patient Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.” Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 33(9):1545–58. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfx293.
WHO. 2024. SDGs Profile Indonesia. https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/health-statistics-and-information-systems.
Yasin, Fadumo, Fadi Khraim, Mark Santos, Daniel Forgrave, and Abdullah Hamad. 2024. “Factors Influencing Self-Care Management in Adult Hemodialysis Patients: An Integrative Review.” Qatar Medical Journal 2024(1).
Yu, Ping Shaou, Yi Chun Tsai, Yi Wen Chiu, Pei Ni Hsiao, Ming Yen Lin, Tzu Hui Chen, Shu Li Wang, Lan Fang Kung, Shih Ming Hsiao, Shang Jyh Hwang, and Mei Chuan Kuo. 2021. “The Relationship between Subtypes of Health Literacy and Self-Care Behavior in Chronic Kidney Disease.” Journal of Personalized Medicine 11(6). doi:10.3390/jpm11060447.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Ferlan Ansye Pondaag, Gresty Natalia Maria Masi, Imelda Sirait

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua (JKTP) agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua (JKTP) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY-SA that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication and initial publication in this journal.
Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Ferlan Ansye Pondaag, Dina Mariana, Musfirah Ahmad, LITERASI KESEHATAN BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN SELF CARE MANAGEMENT PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS , JURNAL KEPERAWATAN TROPIS PAPUA: Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): JUNI 2024










