HUBUNGAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA 0-24 BULAN DI KABUPATEN MAJENE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEARS OLD IN MAJENE REGENCY
Keywords:
Berat badan lahir rendah, stunting, wasting, underweight, anakAbstract
Masalah gizi pada anak usia dini merupakan isu kesehatan masyarakat yang masih menjadi tantangan di berbagai daerah, termasuk di Kabupaten Majene. Salah satu faktor risiko utama yang dapat memengaruhi status gizi anak adalah riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), yang diketahui dapat berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara riwayat BBLR dengan status gizi anak usia 0–24 bulan di Kabupaten Majene. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus–September 2024 di Kecamatan Banggae Timur. Sampel terdiri atas 91 anak yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square dan perhitungan odds ratio (OR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa riwayat BBLR berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting (p = 0,012; OR = 3,30; 95% CI: 1,37–7,94) dan underweight (p = 0,006; OR = 3,41; 95% CI: 1,40–8,33). Hubungan antara BBLR dan wasting juga menunjukkan kecenderungan signifikan (p = 0,055; OR = 2,55; 95% CI: 0,96–6,71). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa anak dengan riwayat BBLR memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami masalah gizi dibandingkan anak yang lahir dengan berat badan normal. Upaya pencegahan BBLR melalui peningkatan gizi ibu hamil dan pemantauan kehamilan secara berkelanjutan perlu diperkuat untuk menurunkan risiko gangguan gizi pada anak usia dini.
Childhood malnutrition remains a major public health concern, particularly in regions such as Majene Regency. One of the key risk factors influencing nutritional outcomes in early life is a history of low birth weight (LBW), which has been associated with impaired growth and development. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between LBW history and the nutritional status of children aged 0–24 months in Majene Regency. A cross-sectional observational design was employed, and data collection was conducted in Banggae Timur Subdistrict during August–September 2024. A total of 91 children were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. The results showed that LBW was significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.012; OR = 3.30; 95% CI: 1.37–7.94) and underweight (p = 0.006; OR = 3.41; 95% CI: 1.40–8.33). A near-significant association was also observed between LBW and wasting (p = 0.055; OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 0.96–6.71). These findings indicate that children with a history of LBW are at higher risk of experiencing nutritional problems compared to those born with normal weight. Strengthening efforts to prevent LBW through improved maternal nutrition and antenatal care is essential to reduce the risk of early childhood malnutrition.
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