PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RESIKO INFEKSI STH (SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS) PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
Keywords:
sanitasi lingkungan, personal hygiene, infeksi STHAbstract
Infeksi soil transmitted helminths (STH) banyak ditemukan pada anak di kawasan tropis. Prevalensi yang cukup tinggi berkaitan dengan beberapa faktor risiko, utamanya pada kondisi sanitasi dan personal hyginene yang cenderung buruk pada anak sekolah. Efek dari infeksi STH dapat berdampak pada status gizi, gangguan pertumbuhan dan fungsi kognitif pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis prevalensi dan faktor risiko infeksi STH pada anak sekolah dasar. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional study yang dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel feses pada subjek penelitian dan pengisian kuesioner. Subjek penelitian yang terlibat dalam studi sebanyak 47 siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 101814 Peria Ria Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square guna menghasilkan intepretasi pada keterkaitan faktor resiko dan infeksi STH. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan prevalensi infeksi STH pada anak sebesar 31,9%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan aspek sanitasi (sanitasi lingkungan rumah (p=0,032) dan sanitasi lingkungan rumah (p=0,002)) dan personal hygiene (kebiasaan mencuci tangan (p=0,004), kebiasan memakai alas kaki saat kontak dengan tanah (p=0,004), kebersihan kuku (p=0,036), dan kebiasan buang air besar (p=0,027)) berhubungan dengan infeksi STH pada anak sekolah dasar. Ketersedian sanitasi yang baik di rumah dan sekolah serta akses terhadap air bersih memungkinkan penurunan risiko infeksi STH. Peningkatan kualitas personal hygiene disarankan untuk meminimalisir risiko infeksi STH melalui edukasi dan promosi kesehatan dengan berbagai media yang menarik minat anak.
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STH infections are often found in children in the tropics. The high prevalence is related to several risk factors, especially sanitation and personal hygiene conditions, which tend to be poor in school children. The effects of STH infection can impact nutritional status, impaired growth, and cognitive function in children. This study analyzes the prevalence and risk factors of STH infection in elementary school children. The study design used was a cross-sectional study conducted by taking stool samples from the research subjects and filling out a questionnaire. The research sample involved in the study was 47 students of the Sekolah Dasar Negeri 101814 Peria Rial, Deli Serdang Regency. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test to produce an interpretation of the relationship between risk factors and STH infection. The measurement results showed the prevalence of STH infection in children was 31.9%. The results of the analysis showed aspects of sanitation (home environment sanitation (p=0.032) and home environment sanitation (p= 0.002)) and personal hygiene (handwashing habits (p=0.004), the habit of wearing footwear when in contact with the ground (p=0.004). nail hygiene (p=0.036), and bowel habits (p=0.027) were associated with STH infection in elementary school children. Availability of good sanitation at home and school as well as access to clean water reduce the risk of STH infection. Improving the quality of personal hygiene is recommended to minimize the risk of STH infection through education and health promotion with various media that attract children's interest.
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