Efektivitas rebusan daun mindi (Melia azedarach) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes melitus

Effectiveness of Melia azedarach leaf decoction in reducing blood glucose levels among patients with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai oleh peningkatan kadar glukosa darah dan membutuhkan penatalaksanaan jangka panjang, termasuk terapi komplementer berbasis tanaman obat. Daun mindi (Melia azedarach) secara tradisional digunakan sebagai obat herbal dan diduga memiliki efek hipoglikemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas rebusan daun mindi terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus. Desain penelitian adalah quasi-experimental dengan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test with control group. Sampel terdiri dari 60 responden, yaitu 30 kelompok perlakuan dan 30 kelompok kontrol, yang dipilih dari wilayah kerja Puskesmas Biak, Kabupaten Banggai. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan rebusan daun mindi sebanyak 100 ml, sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan air putih. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dilakukan sebelum intervensi dan 30 menit setelah intervensi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk dan paired samples t-test. Rerata kadar glukosa darah kelompok perlakuan menurun dari 298,60 ± 96,07 mg/dL menjadi 250,63 ± 86,55 mg/dL (p < 0,001), sedangkan kelompok kontrol menurun dari 243,13 ± 123,18 mg/dL menjadi 235,60 ± 111,61 mg/dL, tetapi tidak signifikan (p = 0,190). Rebusan daun mindi berpotensi menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus, tetapi diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan desain lebih kuat, durasi lebih panjang, serta standardisasi dosis dan keamanan penggunaan.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and requires long-term management, including complementary therapies based on medicinal plants. Melia azedarach leaves have traditionally been used as herbal medicine and are believed to have hypoglycemic effects. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Melia azedarach leaf decoction in reducing blood glucose levels among patients with diabetes mellitus. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with control group approach was used. A total of 60 respondents were selected from the working area of Puskesmas Biak, Banggai Regency, consisting of 30 participants in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. The intervention group received 100 mL of Melia azedarach leaf decoction, while the control group received only plain water. Blood glucose levels were measured before the intervention and 30 minutes after. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and paired samples t-test. The mean blood glucose level in the intervention group decreased from 298.60 ± 96.07 mg/dL to 250.63 ± 86.55 mg/dL (p < 0.001), while the control group decreased from 243.13 ± 123.18 mg/dL to 235.60 ± 111.61 mg/dL, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.190). Melia azedarach leaf decoction has the potential to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus; however, further studies with stronger designs, longer duration, and standardized dosage and safety evaluation are needed.